Shohidul Islam was born on January 5, 1995, in Narayanganj, Bangladesh. He made his debut in Twenty20 (T20) in the 2016–17 Bangladesh Premier League (BPL) for Chittagong Vikings.

He was the leading wicket-taker for the Central Zone Bangladesh Cricket League with eighteen dismissals in four 2018–19 Bangladesh Cricket League matches. He was selected to play for the Khulna Tigers in the 2019–20 Bangladesh Premier League in November 2019. He scored his maiden first-class century in the 2020-21 National Cricket League, and scored 106 runs while playing for Dhaka Metropolis.

Islam was picked for Bangladesh's preliminary test team for the away series against Sri Lanka in April 2021. He was picked for Bangladesh's preliminary One-Day International (ODI) team for the country's home series against Sri Lanka in May 2021.

The right-arm medium bowler was picked for the Bangladesh Twenty20 International (T20I) squad and eventually made his debut in the same series. Shohidul was added to Bangladesh's test team for their series against Pakistan. He was also picked for Bangladesh's Test team for the New Zealand series, and again in March 2022, he was named in the squad against South Africa.

(As of May 2022)